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Что (кто) такое Darwinian$18909$ - определение

Darwinian Puzzle

Darwinian Happiness         
Darwinian Happiness: Evolution As a Guide for Living and Understanding Human Behavior, , is a 2002 book by the Norwegian biologist Bjørn Grinde from the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. He argues that human emotions find their cause in evolution and offers ways by which we can use this for our advantage.
Darwinian puzzle         
A Darwinian puzzle is a trait that appears to reduce the fitness of individuals that possess it. Such traits attract the attention of evolutionary biologists.
Alternatives to Darwinian evolution         
  • [[Louis Pasteur]] believed that only living things could carry out [[fermentation]]. Painting by [[Albert Edelfelt]], 1885
  • pp=261–262}} represented by the sequence of arrows on the extreme left of the diagram.
  • phenotypic]] evolution.
  • saltation]], by [[Thérèse Schwartze]], 1918
  • [[Jean-Baptiste Lamarck]], drawn by [[Jules Pizzetta]], 1893
  • [[Georges Cuvier]], shown here with a fossil fish, proposed [[catastrophism]] to explain the [[fossil record]].
  • orthogenetic]] trend.
  • pp=419}}
LIST OF ALTERNATIVES TO DARWINIAN NATURAL SELECTION
User:Ragesoss/Non-Darwinian Evolution; Non-Darwinian evolution; Non-darwinian evolution; Non-Darwinian Adaptation; Non-Darwinian theories of evolution; Alternative mechanisms of evolution; Alternative to Darwinism; Non-Darwinian Evolution; Non-Darwinian mechanisms of evolution; Non-Darwinian explanations of evolution; Alternatives to natural selection; Alternatives to Darwinism; Alternative theories of evolution; Alternatives to evolution by natural selection
Alternatives to Darwinian evolution have been proposed by scholars investigating biology to explain signs of evolution and the relatedness of different groups of living things. The alternatives in question do not deny that evolutionary changes over time are the origin of the diversity of life, nor that the organisms alive today share a common ancestor from the distant past (or ancestors, in some proposals); rather, they propose alternative mechanisms of evolutionary change over time, arguing against mutations acted on by natural selection as the most important driver of evolutionary change.

Википедия

Darwinian puzzle

A Darwinian puzzle is a trait that appears to reduce the fitness of individuals that possess it. Such traits attract the attention of evolutionary biologists. Several human traits pose challenges to evolutionary thinking, as they are relatively prevalent but are associated with lower reproductive success through reduced fertility and/or longevity. Some of the classic examples include: left handedness, menopause, and mental disorders. These traits are also found in animals, a peacock shows an example of a trait that may reduce its fitness. The bigger the tail, the easier it is seen by predators and it also may hinder the movement of the peacock. Darwin, in fact, solved this "puzzle" by explaining the peacock's tail as evidence of sexual selection; a bigger tail confers evolutionary fitness on the male by allowing it to attract more females than other males with shorter tails. The phrase "Darwinian puzzle" itself is rare and of unclear origin; it's typically talked about in the context of animal behavior.